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<title>ISIG BOBO - articles</title>
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<description>LICENCE FCB</description>
<dc:publisher>fcb</dc:publisher>
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<dc:date>2006-06-30</dc:date>
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<title>SYSTEME FINANCIER ET CRISE DES SUBPRIMES</title>
<link>http://www.iblogyou.fr/fcb/64211-systeme-financier-et-crise-des-subprimes.htm</link>
<description>&lt;p&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; &lt;w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt; &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt; &lt;w:TrackMoves /&gt; &lt;w:TrackFormatting /&gt; &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt; &lt;w:PunctuationKerning /&gt; &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /&gt; &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt; &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt; &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt; &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF /&gt; &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;FR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt; &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt; &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt; &lt;w:Compatibility&gt; &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables /&gt; &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell /&gt; &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct /&gt; &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules /&gt; &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit /&gt; &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark /&gt; &lt;w:DontVertAlignCellWithSp /&gt; &lt;w:DontBreakConstrainedForcedTables /&gt; 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/&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot; 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Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; 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SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot; /&gt; &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;false&quot;    UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot; 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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;SYSTEME FINANCIER ET CRISE DES SUBPRIMES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; color: black;&quot;&gt;Le syst&amp;egrave;me financier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 18pt; color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black;&quot;&gt;Le syst&amp;egrave;me financier est constitu&amp;eacute; d'un ensemble d'acteurs, reli&amp;eacute;s entre eux par un r&amp;eacute;seau de communication, au sein d'un march&amp;eacute; de capitaux et dont le but est de permettre l'&amp;eacute;quilibrage de l'offre et de la demande dans un actif financier particulier. Il comprend les Banques supra-nationales (par exemple &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;la Banque des R&amp;egrave;glements Internationaux), les Banques Centrales nationales, les banques, les soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute;s financi&amp;egrave;res, les caisses de retraites, la s&amp;eacute;curit&amp;eacute; sociale et les caisses de pr&amp;eacute;voyance, les compagnies d'assurances, le Tr&amp;eacute;sor public, les march&amp;eacute;s financiers&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;, les &lt;/span&gt;entreprises et les m&amp;eacute;nages. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black;&quot;&gt;C'est par le biais de la confrontation des ordres entre les acteurs d&amp;eacute;tenteurs de moyens mon&amp;eacute;taires ou financiers que se fait l'&amp;eacute;quilibre sur ces march&amp;eacute;s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;La banque centrale est au coeur du syst&amp;egrave;me financier. Son r&amp;ocirc;le premier d'&amp;eacute;metteur de monnaie lui conf&amp;egrave;re un r&amp;ocirc;le pr&amp;eacute;pond&amp;eacute;rant dans la r&amp;eacute;gulation de notre syst&amp;egrave;me bancaire et financier. On retrouve une banque centrale par unit&amp;eacute; de syst&amp;egrave;me &amp;eacute;conomique (pays, union mon&amp;eacute;taire, ...)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;Assistons-nous &amp;agrave; &amp;nbsp;la plus grave crise du capitalisme depuis 1929, o&amp;ugrave; on avait assist&amp;eacute; &amp;agrave; un effondrement de l'&amp;eacute;conomie mondiale&amp;nbsp;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;GENESE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;Cette crise &amp;nbsp;financi&amp;egrave;re a commenc&amp;eacute; aux Etats-Unis, par les probl&amp;egrave;mes li&amp;eacute;s au non remboursement des pr&amp;ecirc;ts immobiliers &amp;agrave; risques&amp;nbsp;: cr&amp;eacute;dits &quot;au logement&quot;, accord&amp;eacute;s par des &amp;eacute;tablissements bancaires ou sp&amp;eacute;cialis&amp;eacute;es &amp;agrave; des m&amp;eacute;nages &amp;agrave; faible revenu, c'est-&amp;agrave;-dire ceux dont l'historique financier ne leur permet pas en effet l'acc&amp;egrave;s. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;CAUSES&amp;nbsp; A EFFETS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;Ils sont de ce fait dit &amp;agrave; risque puisque l'institution contractante prend sur elle le risque d'accorder ces pr&amp;ecirc;ts qu'elle titrise par la suite en vue de minimiser les risques. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: aliceblue none repeat scroll 0% 0%; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666667;&quot;&gt;Nous pouvons d&amp;eacute;finir la&amp;nbsp; titrisation comme &amp;eacute;tant un processus qui&amp;nbsp; permet la transformation des actifs financiers en titres n&amp;eacute;gociables et donc liquides. Autrement dit, la titrisation peut &amp;ecirc;tre d&amp;eacute;finie comme une technique qui consiste &amp;agrave; rendre liquide des actifs qui ne le sont pas afin des les c&amp;eacute;der &amp;agrave; des institutionnels. Les actifs objet d'une titrisation sont ceux dont on peut raisonnablement pr&amp;eacute;voir les flux, notamment les pr&amp;ecirc;ts immobiliers, les cr&amp;eacute;dits commerciaux, etc.).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666667;&quot;&gt;Ainsi, la cession des cr&amp;eacute;ances sur la client&amp;egrave;le entra&amp;icirc;ne le transfert &amp;agrave; l'investisseur des principaux risques attach&amp;eacute;s &amp;agrave; la d&amp;eacute;tention d'un cr&amp;eacute;dit (risque de d&amp;eacute;faut, risque de liquidit&amp;eacute; et de taux). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;Cependant, s'agissant de &amp;nbsp;m&amp;eacute;nages qualifi&amp;eacute;s d' emprunteurs &amp;agrave; risque, les taux d'int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;ts sont plus &amp;eacute;lev&amp;eacute;s que ceux appliqu&amp;eacute;s aux bons payeurs, afin de r&amp;eacute;mun&amp;eacute;rer le risque de non-remboursement.&amp;nbsp;: d'o&amp;ugrave; l'appellation &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: red;&quot;&gt;surprime&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt; ou &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: red;&quot;&gt;subprime &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;(en anglais) . &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;Cette pratique des banques am&amp;eacute;ricaines s'adossait sur trois piliers&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;la rentabilit&amp;eacute; du cr&amp;eacute;dit aux m&amp;eacute;nages &amp;agrave; risque est consid&amp;eacute;rable, au regard des taux d'int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;ts &amp;eacute;lev&amp;eacute;s. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;la garantie du pr&amp;ecirc;t&amp;nbsp;: les banques minimisent leur risque par l'hypoth&amp;egrave;que qu'elles ont sur le logement acquis par les m&amp;eacute;nages.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;la valeur croissante des logements&amp;nbsp;: tant que les prix des logements progressaient, les banques &amp;eacute;taient certaines de pouvoir r&amp;eacute;cup&amp;eacute;rer leur mise, en cas de non-remboursement on vendant les logements hypoth&amp;eacute;qu&amp;eacute;s. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;Les subprimes rendant les pr&amp;ecirc;ts int&amp;eacute;ressants en raison des marges procur&amp;eacute;es aux banques, ces derni&amp;egrave;res s'y sont investies avec &amp;agrave; la cl&amp;eacute;, une titrisation de ces pr&amp;ecirc;ts sur le march&amp;eacute; financier. &amp;nbsp;Par ailleurs, la recherche effr&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;e de placements &amp;agrave; haut rendement par une cat&amp;eacute;gorie d'investisseurs ( fonds de pension, compagnies d'assurance, etc....) a r&amp;eacute;pandu ces titres dans le monde. Pour les m&amp;eacute;nages, c'&amp;eacute;tait une aubaine pour pouvoir disposer d'un cr&amp;eacute;dit logement malgr&amp;eacute; leur pass&amp;eacute; de mauvais payeur. Beaucoup ont donc investi cette nouvelle opportunit&amp;eacute;, d'autant plus que ces cr&amp;eacute;dits sont accord&amp;eacute;s &amp;agrave; une p&amp;eacute;riode o&amp;ugrave; les taux d'int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;ts &amp;eacute;taient globalement faibles, m&amp;ecirc;me avec une surprime. Mais la variabilit&amp;eacute; des taux laissait pourtant pr&amp;eacute;sager des difficult&amp;eacute;s de paiement en cas de hausse des taux d'int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;ts. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;C'est ce sc&amp;eacute;nario qui, malheureusement a &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; constat&amp;eacute; entre &amp;nbsp;2004 et 2007, avec pour corollaire une incapacit&amp;eacute; des m&amp;eacute;nages d'honorer leurs engagements avec la remont&amp;eacute;e des taux d'int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t. Parall&amp;egrave;lement , la valeur de leur logement servant de caution pour les banques s'effondre, du fait d'une offre pl&amp;eacute;thorique de biens immobiliers par rapport &amp;agrave; la demande. Du coup, les pr&amp;ecirc;ts suppos&amp;eacute;s rentables ne le sont plus et la plupart des banques qui ont beaucoup investi dans les cr&amp;eacute;dits &amp;agrave; risque ne peuvent r&amp;eacute;cup&amp;eacute;rer leur mise. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;les emprunts &amp;laquo; subprimes &amp;raquo; insolvables se multipliant ; les organismes d&amp;eacute;tenteurs de ces obligations doivent inscrire le risque dans leurs bilans, d'o&amp;ugrave;&amp;nbsp; une crise globale des liquidit&amp;eacute;s&amp;nbsp;: les banques vont accumuler d'&amp;eacute;normes pertes et c'est retrouver au bord de la faillite. (Cas de la banque Lehman brothers, un des fleurons de la finance am&amp;eacute;ricaine).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;Avec l'apparition des premi&amp;egrave;res faillites, les &amp;eacute;tablissements financiers solvables qui d&amp;eacute;tiennent des titres risqu&amp;eacute;s en portefeuille vont essayer de les vendre rapidement pour en tirer la plus haute valeur de liquidation possible. Ces &amp;eacute;tablissements ont alors besoin &amp;laquo; d'argent frais &amp;raquo; (liquidit&amp;eacute;s) pour faire face &amp;agrave; leurs pertes et couvrir leurs activit&amp;eacute;s courantes&amp;nbsp;: d'o&amp;ugrave; la vente des produits structur&amp;eacute;s (titres financiers adoss&amp;eacute;s au cr&amp;eacute;dits &amp;agrave; risque) dont la valeur de liquidation diminue &amp;agrave; mesure que l'offre de ces produits sur le march&amp;eacute; financier augmente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 18pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; color: black;&quot;&gt;Cependant, au regard d'un contexte financier d&amp;eacute;favorable, la demande pour ces produits d&amp;eacute;sormais trop risqu&amp;eacute;s va, de ce fait, chuter. S'enclenche &amp;agrave; ce moment-l&amp;agrave; un m&amp;eacute;canisme de &amp;laquo; contagion &amp;raquo; accompagn&amp;eacute; d'une crise de confiance. Si au bout d'un certain laps de temps ces titres risqu&amp;eacute;s ne trouvent plus de preneur sur le march&amp;eacute; financier alors, les &amp;eacute;tablissements financiers ne peuvent plus obtenir de liquidit&amp;eacute;s (&amp;laquo; argent frais &amp;raquo;). Enfin, si la revente des titres risqu&amp;eacute;s n'est plus possible et que les banques ne se font plus assez confiance pour se pr&amp;ecirc;ter de l'argent entre elles &amp;agrave; un taux d'int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t raisonnable, la menace d'une crise de liquidit&amp;eacute; ass&amp;eacute;chant l'ensemble du syst&amp;egrave;me bancaire et financier est bien pr&amp;eacute;sente. C'est la menace d'une telle crise de liquidit&amp;eacute; qui a fait r&amp;eacute;agir les Banques Centrales&amp;nbsp;: injection de liquidit&amp;eacute;s par rachats de titres en souffrance, baisse des taux d'int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t directeurs,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/p&gt;</description>
<dc:date>2010-04-15T00:01:40+01:00</dc:date>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.iblogyou.fr/fcb/63344-le-risque-de-taux.htm">
<title>LE RISQUE DE TAUX</title>
<link>http://www.iblogyou.fr/fcb/63344-le-risque-de-taux.htm</link>
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&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&gt;L&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A GESTION  DU&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&gt; RISQUE DE TAUX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-family: &quot;&gt;PAR L&amp;rsquo;ENTREPRISE&amp;nbsp;: FRA CAP FLOOR ET COLLAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Elle occupe donc une place centrale dans le fonctionnement des &amp;eacute;conomies modernes...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Un taux d'int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t peut &amp;ecirc;tre&amp;nbsp;f&lt;em&gt;ixe&lt;/em&gt; sur toute la dur&amp;eacute;e du pr&amp;ecirc;t ou &lt;em&gt;variable&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Section II&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ANALYSE DU RISQUE DE TAUX&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Une variation des taux d&amp;rsquo;int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t, &amp;agrave; la hausse ou &amp;agrave; la baisse, est loin d&amp;rsquo;&amp;ecirc;tre neutre pour l&amp;rsquo;entreprise, emprunteuse ou placeuse&amp;nbsp;: elle est susceptible de toucher son r&amp;eacute;sultat, sa valeur patrimoniale, voire son activit&amp;eacute;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;II-1&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Les instruments de couverture&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Divers instruments, pour la plupart d&amp;rsquo;origine anglo-saxonne, ont vu le jour lui permettant de se pr&amp;eacute;munir contre une variation des taux d&amp;rsquo;int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t qui viendrait p&amp;eacute;naliser le r&amp;eacute;sultat de l&amp;rsquo;entreprise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;II-1-1&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; LE FUTURE RATE AGREEMENT (FRA)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Principe&amp;nbsp;: une banque et une entreprise conviennent, &amp;agrave; un instant donn&amp;eacute;, de fixer un taux d&amp;rsquo;int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t pour une op&amp;eacute;ration d&amp;rsquo;emprunt ou de placement entre une premi&amp;egrave;re date, point de d&amp;eacute;part de l&amp;rsquo;op&amp;eacute;ration, et une seconde, date d&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;ch&amp;eacute;ance pr&amp;eacute;vue de l&amp;rsquo;op&amp;eacute;ration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Cette technique est destin&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; couvrir un risque de taux sur des op&amp;eacute;rations &amp;agrave; court terme (normalement jusqu&amp;rsquo;&amp;agrave; 12 mois).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;A la date dite de r&amp;egrave;glement, seule est pay&amp;eacute;e par l&amp;rsquo;une ou l&amp;rsquo;autre partie la diff&amp;eacute;rence entre le taux contractuel et le taux du march&amp;eacute; au d&amp;eacute;but de la p&amp;eacute;riode garantie. L&amp;rsquo;op&amp;eacute;ration de couverture &amp;eacute;tant totalement dissoci&amp;eacute;e de l&amp;rsquo;op&amp;eacute;ration d&amp;rsquo;emprunt ou de placement, le FRA peut &amp;ecirc;tre effectu&amp;eacute; dans une premi&amp;egrave;re banque alors que l&amp;rsquo;emprunt ou le placement l&amp;rsquo;est dans une seconde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;3 situations peuvent se pr&amp;eacute;senter &amp;agrave; la date de r&amp;egrave;glement. Dans le cas d&amp;rsquo;un FRA emprunt&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;ParagraphedelisteCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; si le taux d&amp;rsquo;int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t du march&amp;eacute; pour la dur&amp;eacute;e de l&amp;rsquo;emprunt &amp;agrave; la date de l&amp;rsquo;emprunt est sup&amp;eacute;rieur au taux contractuel, l&amp;rsquo;entreprise re&amp;ccedil;oit de la banque la diff&amp;eacute;rence entre les 2 taux, calcul&amp;eacute;e sur la p&amp;eacute;riode de l&amp;rsquo;emprunt&amp;nbsp;: le gain sur le FRA vient compenser la perte sur l&amp;rsquo;op&amp;eacute;ration d&amp;rsquo;emprunt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;ParagraphedelisteCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Si au contraire, le taux d&amp;rsquo;int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t du march&amp;eacute; pour la dur&amp;eacute;e de l&amp;rsquo;emprunt &amp;agrave; la date de l&amp;rsquo;emprunt est inf&amp;eacute;rieur au taux contractuel, la soci&amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; r&amp;egrave;gle &amp;agrave; la banque la diff&amp;eacute;rence entre les 2 taux, calcul&amp;eacute;e sur la p&amp;eacute;riode de l&amp;rsquo;emprunt&amp;nbsp;: la perte sur le FRA est compens&amp;eacute;e par le gain sur l&amp;rsquo;op&amp;eacute;ration d&amp;rsquo;emprunt&amp;nbsp;;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;ParagraphedelisteCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Si les 2 taux sont identiques, aucun versement n&amp;rsquo;intervient.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;II-1-2&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Le CAP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Le cap ou garantie de taux plafond permet &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;entreprise endett&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; taux variable de se pr&amp;eacute;munir contre un rench&amp;eacute;rissement du co&amp;ucirc;t d&amp;rsquo;un emprunt, qui surviendrait in&amp;eacute;luctablement en cas de hausse des taux, tout en b&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ficiant d&amp;rsquo;une baisse &amp;eacute;ventuelle des taux d&amp;rsquo;int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;A chaque &amp;eacute;ch&amp;eacute;ance interm&amp;eacute;diaire de l&amp;rsquo;emprunt, tous les trois mois par exemple, l&amp;rsquo;entreprise exerce ou non son cap en comparant le taux de son emprunt &amp;nbsp;au taux de r&amp;eacute;f&amp;eacute;rence garanti par la banque&amp;nbsp;: si le premier est sup&amp;eacute;rieur au second, elle l&amp;rsquo;exerce et re&amp;ccedil;oit de la banque la diff&amp;eacute;rence. Dans le cas contraire, qui se produit notamment lorsque les taux du march&amp;eacute; ont baiss&amp;eacute;, l&amp;rsquo;entreprise n&amp;rsquo;exerce pas son cap et b&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ficie de cet avantage sur son emprunt.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Comme pour toute assurance l&amp;rsquo;entreprise&amp;nbsp; qui ach&amp;egrave;te un cap verse &amp;agrave; la banque une prime. Le montant de celle-ci est fonction de la dur&amp;eacute;e du contrat, de la volatilit&amp;eacute; des taux d&amp;rsquo;int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t et du taux de r&amp;eacute;f&amp;eacute;rence garanti par la banque, plus ce dernier sera proche du taux du march&amp;eacute;, plus la probabilit&amp;eacute;&amp;nbsp; d&amp;rsquo;exercice sera &amp;eacute;lev&amp;eacute;e et la prime ch&amp;egrave;re&amp;nbsp;; &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;inverse, plus le taux de r&amp;eacute;f&amp;eacute;rence garanti sera &amp;eacute;lev&amp;eacute; et &amp;eacute;loign&amp;eacute; du taux du march&amp;eacute;, plus la probabilit&amp;eacute; d&amp;rsquo;exercice sera faible ainsi que la prime&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;L&amp;rsquo;achat d&amp;rsquo;un cap peut &amp;eacute;galement permettre &amp;agrave; un investisseur d&amp;rsquo;am&amp;eacute;liorer le rendement de son placement en b&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ficiant d&amp;rsquo;une &amp;eacute;ventuelle hausse des taux.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;II-1-3&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; LE FLOOR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Si le cap s&amp;rsquo;adresse aux entreprises qui empruntent &amp;agrave; taux variable, le floor s&amp;rsquo;adresse, quant &amp;agrave; lui, &amp;agrave; celles qui placent &amp;agrave; taux variable.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Contrat sym&amp;eacute;trique du CAP, le floor ou garantie de taux plancher permet &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;investisseur &amp;agrave; taux variable de se pr&amp;eacute;munir, moyennant le paiement d&amp;rsquo;une prime, contre une baisse des taux au-del&amp;agrave; d&amp;rsquo;un taux de r&amp;eacute;f&amp;eacute;rence garanti par la banque, tout en b&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ficiant d&amp;rsquo;une hausse &amp;eacute;ventuelle des taux d&amp;rsquo;int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t. Il &amp;eacute;vite ainsi &amp;agrave; l&amp;rsquo;entreprise de voir ses produits financiers chuter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;L&amp;rsquo;achat d&amp;rsquo;un floor peut &amp;eacute;galement permettre &amp;agrave; une entreprise endett&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; taux variable de diminuer le taux de son endettement en b&amp;eacute;n&amp;eacute;ficiant d&amp;rsquo;une baisse des taux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;II-1-4&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; LE COLLAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Le collar est une combinaison int&amp;eacute;ressante du cap et du floor. Si elle anticipe une hausse des taux d&amp;rsquo;int&amp;eacute;r&amp;ecirc;t, l&amp;rsquo;entreprise ach&amp;egrave;te un cap et vend un floor&amp;nbsp;; si elle anticipe une baisse des taux, elle ach&amp;egrave;te un floor et vend un cap. Elle construit ainsi un tunnel de taux qui la fait profiter d&amp;rsquo;une baisse des taux jusqu&amp;rsquo;au taux plancher mais la prot&amp;egrave;ge &amp;eacute;galement contre une remont&amp;eacute;e des taux sup&amp;eacute;rieure au taux plafond, ceci s&amp;rsquo;entendant sans prendre en compte la prime vers&amp;eacute;e &amp;agrave; la banque.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Le collar est aussi un moyen d&amp;rsquo;acqu&amp;eacute;rir un cap moins cher puisqu&amp;rsquo;une partie du prix du cap est compens&amp;eacute;e par l&amp;rsquo;encaissement de la prime sur la vente du floor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;II-2&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;strong&gt;APPLICATION&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;La compagnie a&amp;eacute;rienne OMEGA AIRLINES, dans le but d&amp;rsquo;&amp;eacute;toffer sa flotte d&amp;eacute;cide d&amp;rsquo;acqu&amp;eacute;rir un Boeing 747 de seconde main valoris&amp;eacute; &amp;agrave; 8&amp;nbsp;000 millions de FCFA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;L&amp;rsquo;acquisition de cet appareil sera financ&amp;eacute;e par une combinaison de fonds propres (2&amp;nbsp;000 millions FCFA) et fonds d&amp;rsquo;emprunt (6&amp;nbsp;000 millions). Ce cr&amp;eacute;dit a &amp;eacute;t&amp;eacute; contract&amp;eacute; aupr&amp;egrave;s LENNOX BANK sur la base d&amp;rsquo;un taux index&amp;eacute; sur celui du march&amp;eacute; mon&amp;eacute;taire, soit TMM +3%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Date d&amp;rsquo;effet du pr&amp;ecirc;t&amp;nbsp;: 31/12/1997&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Dur&amp;eacute;e&amp;nbsp;: 10 ans&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;P&amp;eacute;riodicit&amp;eacute; annuelle et amortissements&amp;nbsp; constants&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Taux de r&amp;eacute;f&amp;eacute;rence garanti&amp;nbsp;: 9%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: times new roman,times;&quot;&gt;Evolution du TMM au cours des 10 ann&amp;eacute;es&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none;&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot;&gt;
&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; border: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;DATE&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;TMM (en %)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; border-right: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;01/01/1998&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; border-right: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;01/01/2000&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; border-right: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;01/01/2001&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; border-right: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;01/01/2002&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; border-right: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;01/01/2004&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; border-right: 1pt solid black; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;01/01/2007&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;width: 230.3pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt;&quot; width=&quot;307&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot;&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</description>
<dc:date>2010-03-27T11:38:10+00:00</dc:date>
</item>
<item rdf:about="http://www.iblogyou.fr/fcb/63343-programme-du-samedi-27-novembre-2007.htm">
<title>PROGRAMME du samedi 27 novembre 2007</title>
<link>http://www.iblogyou.fr/fcb/63343-programme-du-samedi-27-novembre-2007.htm</link>
<description>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;CULTURE GENRALE: LA CRISE DU CREDIT HYPOTHECAIRE&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;LA POLITIQUE DE FNANCEMENT DE L'ENTREPRISE:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;QUELQUES DETERMINANTS DU CHOIX D'UNE STRUCTURE FINANCIERE&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;La logique du levier financier&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;le risque de taux&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; le co&amp;ucirc;t du financement&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;-&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;</description>
<dc:date>2010-03-27T11:35:42+00:00</dc:date>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>